Simple Rules A Successful Within Project Management

Simple Rules 1.0 Introduction Simple Rules are guidelines to follow to be successful within project management. Having Simple Rules can give the venture a more noteworthy shot of succeeding. 1.1 10 Simples Rules These are ten of the best principles to take after inside venture administration: 1. Be Agile Customary venture administration procedures are turned out to be excessively inflexible, bureaucratic, and tedious for now s dynamic business condition. Truth be told, these philosophies can conflict with IT divisions. Today, you must react with deftness to rising issues and changes. The formal documentation and procedures required in conventional venture administration can burden you. 2. Don t Micromanage The perfect venture†¦show more content†¦General updates, gatherings, and subsequent meet-ups are basic. 6. Envision and Communicate all Project Deliverables and Activities To put it plainly, the venture director and group must have a photo of the completed deliverables in the psyches of everybody included. This guides everybody in a similar heading. Stay away from ambiguous portrayals no matter what, draw graphs and pictures, and make certain everybody concurs with it. 7. Finish Deliverables Step-by-Step The possibility of climbing a mountain in one go can disable. In any case, to consider it to be a progression of steps and pinnacles is not as scary but rather more achievable. Similarly, you would prefer not to hop in a venture with the expectation of building all venture deliverables immediately. Take a shot at everything well ordered, get prepared surveys and endorsements, and dependably keep up an ability to read a compass. 8. Solid Risk Management Appoint a hazard officer will s identity in charge of recognizing potential venture issues. You need somebody who has a sound dosage of wariness: †¢All colleagues should not delay reporting concerns or difficulties. †¢Keep up a live venture chance database that tracks all issues and resolutions. †¢Try not to fixate. †¢Evaluating dangers should not be your fundamental need. 9. Open CommunicationShow MoreRelatedProject Implementation Plan For Successful Project Management1526 Words   |  7 PagesProject Implementation Plan For successful project management, there is a need to have a good project implementation plan, which, is a single document that specifies the duties, dates, and who is in charge. Human Resources Plan The human resources plan is a device that directs the management, in detail, on the responsibilities and the roles, the acquiring of the human resources, training specialization needed, and individual time required per resource. 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Turkey A Middle Eastern Country South Of The...

YU Jia ECO 315 12/2/2014 Turkey Turkey is a Middle Eastern country south of the Mediterranean Sea and west to the Aegean Sea. Turkey main religion is Sunni Muslim with a minority of Sufi Muslims with Christians, Jews and other religions only making up about 0.2 percent of the total population. Turkey is a relatively small country compared to the United States or China with the population of 74 million in 2013 (The World Fact book) In the last 15 years Turkey has made huge leaps and bounds to improve their economy and become a more economy independent country. Turkey as we know today was founded in 1923 from the remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by Mustafa Kemal (â€Å"Father of the Turks†). In the 1950’s†¦show more content†¦As talk about before Turkey is mostly a Muslim country which means building business relationships with them will require special practice. Many people say that Turkey combines European and Middle East traditions when it comes to the business culture of their country. Turkey like many free markets as a well developed family owned business market. The mom and pop business is important to many counties with a free market because it helps to give competition to other larger companies helping keep prices lower and better quality for the people. And always keep in mind that as a Muslim country Friday is a holy day for Muslims to visit the temple and pray, so don’t try to get any business done on a Friday. Also keep in mind other holy holidays such as Ramadan which is a month long and is a important holy day. This does impact how Turkey works with foreign business, as a country they have done good to not let regions holidays and other holy things get in their way of business growth. Other cultural differences would be when negotiation deals don’t just talk about profit but talk about power, respect, and recognition of that company. These things are all important to all companies but are even more important to a Turke y company. The government of Turkey has played a huge role in the country economic success, in the last ten years the government has made many reforms that

Business Research Design Health Care Decision Making

Question: 1: Research design This particular study used a cross-sectional design. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a cross-sectional design in this research? Suppose they were to extend this study to become a longitudinal design, what are some of the issues that should be addressed? 2: Self-completed questionnaire In this study a Self-completed questionnaire was created and send out to the respondents. Discuss some of the problems and limitations of Self-completed questionnaires that would have to be addressed in this study 3: Secondary data In any quantitative study we want to believe that the sample selected is a representative sample of the true population. One of the methods to check representativeness is to use Secondary Data. What secondary dataset can be used to check the representativeness of the sample and how can it be used? 4: Sample size The sample size for this study is fifteen thousand employees selected from a total of sixty-nine thousand bank employees (about 21% of the employees). What factors should be considered in decision on sample size? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of having a sample of this size. 5: Sampling method To find the relationship between job characteristics and job satisfaction at employee individual level, this study randomly selected from employees from each of the banks. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the current sampling method? What are your suggestions to improve the sampling methods? Answer: Introduction The case study highlights the job satisfaction of the employees working in the banking industry with special focus on Belgian banks. The theoretical framework carried forward in the research is quantitative in nature. However, the research consortium was selected based on cross sectional design, self-completed questionnaires which were send out to respondents, with a sample size of 15,000 selected from 69,000 respondents using random sampling method. Conversely, the design, approach, sampling as well as data collection method followed needs to be reviewed in the study based on the questions below. 1: Cross sectional design used in the study is to evaluate the subset of the employees working in Belgian banks. The population considered for the study was 69,000 but due to the inefficiency of questioning all the employees, the study had taken on a fixed sample of 15,000 employees, which considered 21% of the sample. The cross sectional study is undertaken because of following reasons because it is an observational study that not only collects data from the study population of Belgian banks at a single point but also examines the impact of job characteristics on stress and wellbeing. Secondly, the researcher has adopted this research to study the prolonged effect of job characteristics resulting in stress as well as wellbeing. However, this cross sectional study is analytical in nature because it is studying the association between variables to draw valid conclusions from the result. The possible advantages undertaken in the study constitute that the study is less costly as it is a representative of the population rather smaller sub population. Moreover, it is preferably good for both analytical as well as descriptive analysis as in the case study stated. In addition, it is termed to be good for generating hypothesis as well. On the other hand, the possible disadvantages can be stated to be susceptible to biasness as well as the risk of validation with adherence to less reliability (OSullivan, 2015). Secondly, it does not relate to causation but only associations whether the two variables wellbeing and stress are related to job characteristics or not. Thirdly, the differences seen can be also due to effects of time or age depending on how much time it takes to collect the study and perform the results (Pedersen et al., 2016). Fourthly, it is unequally distributed between groups as from 69,000 population, 15,000 have been selected but the sample does not represent equal numbers of employees from different Belgian banks. Lastly, there is existence of variability in inter-subject because stress is a negative concept whereas well-being is positive concept as they are not segregated in carrying out results. Nonetheless, if the study is extended to longitudinal study then there are certain issues that needs to be considered. Firstly, longitudinal study requires a lot of time because it has embarked on equally long periods to collect the data (Gelman et al., 2014). Secondly, the risk gathering data cannot be considered 100 percent reliable because observation periods are not taken into account. Moreover, there is a probability that respondents can change their answers to better suit the objective of the observer. Thirdly, there will be risk in panel attrition where there is a high possibility that the respondents/ subjects would no longer be able to participate because of refusal of contact details, death and incapacity (Twisk 2013). Fourthly, they need to have large sample size, in this case it might be considering whole of the sample for instance and lastly, it can be considerable more expensive than cross sectional studies. 2: Self-completed questionnaires and structured interview are more or less similar methods that are used in social research (Butler et al., 2013). The following problems as well as disadvantages in self-completed questionnaires can be discussed with reference to the recent case study enlisted that the respondents are liable to answer the questions based on their understanding, as there is no interviewer or researcher to help the respondents. Moreover, if the questionnaire remains incomplete then the study might be affected (Bryman, 2015). Moreover, the researcher would not be able to complete additional data, as it will not be feasible based on postal questionnaires. The other problem that can be highlighted is that the data can be missed at important variables because respondents depending on their comfortableness will answer some questions and leave out the rest (Britt, 2014). Although, the questionnaire is sent by post, it cannot be justified whether the right respondents from Belgian bank is answering the questionnaire or but if not right respondents then the questionnaire can be delegated to a junior officer if sent in an organization or to another family member if sent at home. However, it is impossible to have any control over the intrusion of non-respondents. The major issues considered is the low response rates that is most threatening as well as damaging limitation because lower the response rate, more questions would be raised representing the sample (Williams, 2014). This is likely to be an issue of randomly selected sample because as seen in the case study only 15,000 employees have been taken from 69,000 employees of Belgian Banks such that number of employees from one Belgian Bank will differ from the other. Moreover, then there is likeliness of biasness in the data. However, if the rate of response is less than 50% then the risk of bias will be greater on the findings, which can lead to further variability. Moreover, the further suggestion that could be made is that the researcher could have mixed self-administered questionnaire with telephonic or face-to-face interview wherever possible. This could have been done based on two parts such that general part of the survey could have been constituted to questionnaires whereas the spec ific part could have carried forward using telephonic or face-to-face interview, which could have majorly solved the issue of response rates (Bryman, 2015). 3: Secondary Data analysis is the data collected by a third party that are examined to answer a research question other than the research question that was selected based on the initial collection of the data set. However, secondary data analysis is an empirical analysis that carries those studies utilizing the primary data and the further the steps followed in the research method (Bryman Bell, 2015). Moreover, secondary data analysis is not only considered a viable method in the process of inquiry but also follows a systematic process before carrying out the results (Thomas, Silverman Nelson, 2015). On the other hand, secondary data analysis is a flexible as well as validated as the research remains to be under-used technique in many fields. Moreover, the area of investigations highlights the way the researcher collects the data from other source, analyzes as well as interprets the data in the study. However, the importance lies when according to research questions, the data is identified and through evaluation is performed (Johnston, 2014). The data set can be identified based on the supportive research question as well as supported literature that instills the data to be collected. The data is mostly collected from large government funded datasets, school records, journals, college records as well as different authors websites. Conversely, after collecting the data set from different sources evaluation is performed in which the research is able to evaluate its initial requirements of the research followed by appropriateness of the research topic (Stangor, 2014). The secondary data analysis constitutes to have benefits like saving time and money because there is international access to cross-historical data that would take years to complete. Secondly, the data extracted from other sources can be of high quality because studies funded by government involve larger samples. Thirdly, the data sets accompany many variables enabling validity of the study (Fowler Jr, 2013). According to Richey Kelvin (2014), there are following methods that can be enlisted in ensuring appropriate match of a dataset as well as congruency, representativeness, quality of the primary study and the resulting dataset are given as the following. Firstly, to evaluate the purpose of the study with the dataset. Secondly, to ensure the questionnaire is written so that the comparison can be made with the survey. Thirdly, the information of the period depends on the actual dataset collected whether weighed, discarded or used the dataset, as it is (Zhang et al., 2014). 4: The consequential research undertaken for determining the sample size studies the statistics that drive sample size decisions (Berger et al., 2014). However, there are certain factors that needs to be determined before evaluating the study. They are level of precision, confidence level and degree of variability. The degree of precision decides that how close an estimate is to the actual population characteristics. It can be often termed as sampling error. However, according to Lemy Lemeshow (2013), the desired precision enables the number of errors that can be accepted in the proposed sample. It relies on upon the measure of risk an analyst is willing to acknowledge while utilizing the data to decide. It is frequently stated in percentage. The confidence level is ascertained from the normal distribution probability model (Haberman, 2014). The model can be given as: Moreover, if the sample statistics is drawn more from population then it tend to deviate from the population parameter. When the sample size is large, that is above 30 then the distributionis normal distribution. However, sample estimate is a true estimate for population parameter. Nevertheless, the confidence level depicts the level at which the error toleration in the sample statistic does not go beyond the specification of planned precision. For example if the population parameter needs to analyze on 95% confidence level then it can be said that 95 out of 100 sample will evaluate the precision set by the researcher. The degree of variability attributes on the distribution of the population such that more varied a population, larger sample will be needed whereas less population, smaller samples will be worked on (Wolf et al., 2013). However, when it comes to analysis, 50% depicts a larger variability because proportion of 0.5 will be determined more often in conservative sample size. The advantages of the case study is that the sample size being 15,000 samples depict 21% of the sample, which depict less variability as the sample size under taken is of the same distribution of population that is Belgian banks. Moreover, the anticipated sample proportion undertaken is 20%, which comes under absolute sample precisions undertaken on true value rather on population parameter (Feder Pfeffermann, 2015) The main disadvantage of the case study is that the number of sample is not evenly distributed based on the number of employees from each Belgian bank. However, the result may be correct for the whole population but not when analyzed on individual sample from each Belgian bank. However, it is recommended that the data set should be followed based on the factors mentioned above such that not the conventional rather the practical response rate is followed that constitutes the response rate of 30% that can be term to be effectual in answering responses. Moreover, it is required a proportion of employees are taken from each Belgian bank to validate the study more efficiently and effectively (De Vaus, 2013). 5: Sampling method is advocated in every research to study the sample from the given population. The sampling methods helps in determining the closeness of a sample to the population (Singh Mangat, 2013). The sampling method undertaken in the given case study is simple random sampling method. However, according to the case study, the advantages can be large sample, which proves to be beneficial for the research. It did not require any additional information like gender, age, etc. as it was based on employees of Belgian banks and it is highly representative of the sample. The possible disadvantages on current sampling lead to poor presentation of the parent population because the study area is large. Moreover, it is costly as well as time consuming (Blair, Czaja, Blair, 2013). The suggestions that can be provided on the current sampling method is that the sampling method that needs to be followed is stratified random sampling method in a way the sample could have divided in sub-groups (Fowler Jr, 2013). This would be emphasizing on different employees from different Belgian banks and not as a total. However, this can make the study more representative of the population. Moreover, sample within the strata will be homogeneous but heterogeneous across the strata of samples (Bornstein, Jager Putnick, 2013). References Berger, M. L., Martin, B. C., Husereau, D., Worley, K., Allen, J. D., Yang, W., ... Crown, W. (2014). A questionnaire to assess the relevance and credibility of observational studies to inform health care decision making: an ISPOR-AMCP-NPC good practice task force report.Value in health,17(2), 143-156. Blair, J., Czaja, R. F., Blair, E. A. (2013).Designing surveys: A guide to decisions and procedures. Sage Publications. Bornstein, M. H., Jager, J., Putnick, D. L. (2013). Sampling in developmental science: Situations, shortcomings, solutions, and standards.Developmental Review,33(4), 357-370. Britt, D. W. (2014).A conceptual introduction to modeling: Qualitative and quantitative perspectives. Psychology Press. Bryman, A. (2015).Social research methods. Oxford university press. Bryman, A., Bell, E. (2015).Business research methods. Oxford University Press, USA. Butler, C. C., Simpson, S. A., Hood, K., Cohen, D., Pickles, T., Spanou, C., ...Kinnersley, P. (2013). Training practitioners to deliver opportunistic multiple behaviour change counselling in primary care: a cluster randomised trial.BMJ,346, f1191. De Vaus, D. (2013). Surveys in social research. Routledge. Feder, M., Pfeffermann, D. (2015). Statistical inference under non-ignorable sampling and non-response. An empirical likelihood approach. Fowler Jr, F. J. (2013).Survey research methods. Sage publications. Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Rubin, D. B. (2014).Bayesian data analysis(Vol. 2). Boca Raton, FL, USA: Chapman Hall/CRC. Haberman, S. J. (2014).Analysis of qualitative data: Introductory topics. Academic Press. Johnston, M. P. (2014). Secondary data analysis: A method of which the time has come.Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Libraries,3, 619-626. Levy, P. S., Lemeshow, S. (2013).Sampling of populations: methods and applications. John Wiley Sons. O'Sullivan, B. J. (2015).Adherence in HIV-positive women entering antenatal care on antiretroviral therapy: A cross-sectional study(Doctoral dissertation, University of Cape Town). Pedersen, H. B., Helmer-Nielsen, M., Dieperink, K. B., stergaard, B. (2016). Exercise on Prescription: A Cross-sectional Study With Self-reported Outcome.Journal of physical activity health,13(4). Richey, R. C., Klein, J. D. (2014).Design and development research: Methods, strategies, and issues. Routledge. Singh, R., Mangat, N. S. (2013).Elements of survey sampling(Vol. 15). Springer Science Business Media. Stangor, C. (2014).Research methods for the behavioral sciences. Nelson Education. Thomas, J. R., Silverman, S., Nelson, J. (2015).Research Methods in Physical Activity, 7E. Human kinetics. Twisk, J. W. (2013). Applied longitudinal data analysis for epidemiology: a practical guide. Cambridge University Press. Williams, A. (2014). How to Write and analyse a questionnaire.Journal of Orthodontics. Wolf, E. J., Harrington, K. M., Clark, S. L., Miller, M. W. (2013). Sample size requirements for structural equation models an evaluation of power, bias, and solution propriety.Educational and Psychological Measurement,73(6), 913-934. Zhang, Y., Chen, M., Mao, S., Hu, L., Leung, V. C. (2014). Cap: Community activity prediction based on big data analysis.IEEE Network,28(4), 52-57.

Psychoticism and Creativity Theory

Question: Discuss about the Psychoticism and Creativity Theory. Answer: Introduction: The chief aim of the essay is to evaluate and understand multiple roles of creativity in bringing evolutionary impact on the education system. To perceive an in-depth knowledge about the function of creativity in term of education, the essay has considered evaluating some relevant theoretical concepts of creativity. The word Creativity is the definition of that particular ability through which a new and original idea can be constructed. In other words, creativity is probably the function of turning inventive, original and new concepts into reality. It is, therefore, the capability of finding patterns and ideas which are hidden and make use of them to procure new solutions. In the words of Craft et al., (2013), through creativity the world can perceive new ways to generate solutions. An important point to consider in this matter is the fruitfulness of creativity can be acquired when there will be a creative person, an original product along with a creative process. Thesis statement Creativity and education is interconnected and theories of psychoanalytical, humanistic and system jointly prepares a strong ground to support that. Creaytivity as opined by Wachanga, Kamonjo Okere, (2015), is a positive effort results from an inconvenient situation. Based on the concepts of Kumpulainen, Mikkola Jaatinen, (2014), the psychoanalytical theory is probably the oldest theoretical concept that argues that creativity is the preliminary act of reverting from a harsh situation. The conceptual approach of Psychoanalytical theory for creativity is that a creative person is the result of difficult and complicated circumstances. It is hence understandable that creativity is like a side of relief for a person to find the solution in a hostile universe, that effort through which innovative ideas step up. This theoretical concept has been propagated since Freud argued that creativity originates when conflict arises from tension and dissatisfaction. However, Sigmund Freud's words on education implicate that education is the process enabling an individual in taking active participation in culture without losing or harming the original energy of that particular. In the historical context, psychoanalytical tendencies in education have been related to the instinctual tendencies of the students. Following the Orthodox concept of Psychoanalytical theory, creativity among school going children evolves from the inner conflicts. In the context to first learning and child development, creative education is required as creativity is considered to be a responsible component for optimizing childrens psychological growth. On the other side, as argued by Davies et al., (2013), creativity regarding child education is necessary for enhancing personal, psychological growth and well being. . Creativity in eduction is advanced through the relation between a teacher and a student and their individual role regarding education. In the argumentative words of Sawyer, (2015), creativity through learning is dependable on children's emotion. The question may arise about the relation between a school teacher and a school child and the role of the teacher in bringing out the creative aspect of the child. The psychoanalytical theory argues that transference is the linking term between a teacher and a students creative approach. The concept elaborates that a teacher is a responsible factor for a childs social and psychological growth that further enhances the creative power of mind (Amabile, 2012). Consequently, it can be understood that craetivity among children relies upon emotion which is developed by an efficient teacher. The most significant idea of Freud that is relevant to a student's psychological maturity to procure creative thought into education is his comparison between creative process and alternative options for neurosis (Ramos Puccio, 2014). Sigmund Freud argued that creativity acts as a defense mechanism which gives protection against neurosis. It further leads to make a well accepted creation that turns out to be a piece of public pleasure. Therefore, the notion of creativity in education is subjected to the concepts fundamental attribute to perform as a defense. In words of Boothby (2014), this particular concept of creativity is relevant for education as creative education is an art and an art is considered to be best defense in terms of condensation or displacement. Therefore, it can be pointed out that creative education is a defense mechanism for students that ultimately turn into a work of appraisal. In countries like Canada and USA, creative thinking has been labeled as a primary essential component of learning. The National curricular center of Korea believes that an educated person is a creative person. Most importantly, in Sweden national plan of national development for overall educational center identifies education as the process of developing creative skills (Elliott, 2015). The fundamental problem with the psychoanalytic approach of creativity about education is that there is less discussion on the medium of unconscious transcends through which creativity releases. It is because unconscious transcends play a major role in engaging the energy to create something innovative. Hence, it performs as a beneficial sublimity which should have been discussed briefly in the psychoanalytic approach. The Humanistic theory, on the other hand, illustrates that human desires and demands rely upon basic needs which are water, food and comfort, safety needs that is security, and needs of love that is intimacy. The most important one prior to obtain self-actualisation is the need to have prestige and accomplishment. Once all of the needs are fulfilled, a person reaches the stage of self-actualization. As opined by Schneider, Pierson Bugental, (2014), a person can act in a meaningful manner when the person passes the level of self-actualization. The reason behind being able to become creative is the ability to meet all the needs. As per the argument of the theory, creativity is not subjected to any particular environment. The theory regarding learning provides a conceptual aspect that discerns that creativity is the chief factor in the case of advancing mental and physical growth in term of society that finally supports to become progressive towards learning. More briefly, based on the words of Laurens et al., (2012), self-actualization is the key through which a person can acquire freedom from all social controls and grabs the ability to become an innovative individual. However, the disadvantages of this method are that self-actualization is probably too hard for a pre-school or school going child and can only be applicable upon adult in education. It is because for a child, the prime need is limited within the basic ones and does not generally recah to the needs of safety, love and esteem. It should not be disregarded that the humanist concept of creativity is the development technique that helps to become less defensive, less judgmental (Amabile, 2012). Qualities like such provide the allowance to express any new idea with complete freedom. In education, there is always a place for new ideas and innovative thinking. The way to become a creative learner is the way of developing trust and conveying any new thought without any hesitance. For instance, in countries like the US, UK, and Australia, special scholarships are given to those students who are capable of showing exclusive learning performance by bringing or innovating any new idea or concept in their respective studies. In China, the role of creativity in education is to promote and motivate learners to develop creative learning in the discourses of education. For the school system of China, creative learning or giving opportunities to the students to become creative is the method of establishing the entire education system original (Ramos Puccio, 2014). However, since the propagation of network theory in the year 1980, the environment became a vital aspect of creativity. Creativity in learning became comprehensive when the role of the environment is being given excessive priority. By the words of Baer, (2012), in this particular field, the Humanistic theory seems less worthy. The Humanistic approach ultimately dishonors the role of environment. As per the system theory which is originated and influenced from Bertalanffy's general theory of system, the environment determines whether a person could reach the level of self-actualization to become innovative or not further. Humanistic theory, on the contrary, gives credit to the fundamental needs of human nature to curve the facet of creativity rather than environment. Nevertheless, in education, the environment does matter as it is a noteworthy fact that a trainee or student can develop quality growth in the socio-cultural and psychological side in an apt atmosphere. The psychoanalytic theory in this context matches with the concept of honoring the aspect of the environment to be a prime factor for creativity. It is because; the theory believes that difficult circumstance makes a person compelled enough to find a solution by creativity (Ramos Puccio, 2014). However, for pre-school and school going children both the theories of psychoanalytic and humanistic sound less upstanding. The relation between creativity and education is dominated by another bizarre aspect which is defined by the theory of Psychoticism, though psychotic traits are rare to construct creativity. According to Cassetta Goghari, (2014), the theory of Psychoticism is probably the most bizarre one among the other theoretical concepts of creativity. The Psychoticism theory of innovation or creativity denotes that the creativity is subjected to the psychotic tendencies those compel an individual to earn a creative personality. An argument can be escalated about the matter that the psychotic tendencies are more related to mental diseases like schizophrenia. Therefore, it cannot be expected that a patient suffering from schizophrenia can become a creative person. As argued by Laurens et al., (2012), the point that makes the ground strong for this theory is that a creative person needs to avoid the external controlling element of society or environment. Addition to that an original personality al ways perceives the world in a different way. People with psychotic tendencies are considered to have the preference in rejecting socio-cultural or absolute norm. In this ground, the attributes of a creative person match appropriately with the typical features of a schizophrenic patient. It is unfortunate enough that this particular theory has been several times neglected by educated individuals and theoreticians of educations and some of them are not even ready to call it a theory. As commented by Acar Runco, (2012), the main opposition to this theory is the concepts of this hypothesis cannot be practically applied to the real world. It is not a worth considering principle to drive a learner to acquire psychotic habits just to become a creative student. However, the evolutionary history of education indicates that there are number mathematicians, philosophers, scientists and many more academic personalities who are known for propagating innovative ideas. For instance mathematicians like John Nash would be probably an ideal example for this context that instead of having schizophrenic behavioral traits has gain immense praise globally. Most significantly, most of the first world domains like European; North American countries are taking initiatives to research the m atter that whether psychotic patients possess creative potentialities or not (Acar Runco, 2012). It is therefore an understandable fact that the theory of psychoticism is unfavorable to apply as psychotic habits which can turn into create something innovative is more genetic rather than an aspect of practice. From the entire essay, it is understandable that creativity is the method of enriching the global education system as creativity is indicative of that individual capability through which a person produces innovative ideas. Additionally, the article has pointed out that Humanistic theory of creativity is probably the most relevant theoretical approach for creative learning. The psychoanalytical theory has dominated the ground of creative learning over years until it has been found that creativity is not always a consequential aspect of an inconvenient situation. Nevertheless, from the entire discourse, it can be deduced that creativity in education depends on students psychological and social growth along with the very environment in which they are engaged in. References Acar, S., Runco, M. A. (2012). Psychoticism and creativity: A meta-analytic review.Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,6(4), 341. Amabile, T. (2012).Componential theory of creativity(pp. 3-4). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School. Baer, J. (2012). Domain specificity and the limits of creativity theory.The Journal of Creative Behavior,46(1), 16-29. Boothby, R. (2014). Death and Desire (RLE: Lacan): Psychoanalytic Theory in Lacan's Return to Freud. Routledge. Cassetta, B., Goghari, V. (2014). Theory of mind reasoning in schizophrenia patients and non-psychotic relatives.Psychiatry research,218(1), 12-19. Craft, A., Cremin, T., Burnard, P., Dragovic, T., Chappell, K. (2013). Possibility thinking: culminative studies of an evidence-based concept driving creativity?.Education 3-13,41(5), 538-556. Davies, D., Jindal-Snape, D., Collier, C., Digby, R., Hay, P., Howe, A. (2013). Creative learning environments in educationA systematic literature review.Thinking Skills and Creativity,8, 80-91. Elliott, A. (2015).Psychoanalytic theory: An introduction. Palgrave MacMillan. Kumpulainen, K., Mikkola, A., Jaatinen, A. M. (2014). The chronotopes of technology-mediated creative learning practices in an elementary school community.Learning, Media and Technology,39(1), 53-74. Laurens, K. R., Hobbs, M. J., Sunderland, M., Green, M. J., Mould, G. L. (2012). Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of 8000 children aged 9 to 11 years: an item response theory analysis.Psychological medicine,42(07), 1495-1506. Ramos, S. J., Puccio, G. J. (2014). Cross-cultural studies of implicit theories of creativity: a comparative analysis between the United States and the main ethnic groups in Singapore.Creativity Research Journal,26(2), 223-228. Sawyer, K. (2015). A Call to Action: The Challenges of Creative Teaching and Learning.Teachers College Record,117(10), n10. Schneider, K. J., Pierson, J. F., Bugental, J. F. (Eds.). (2014).The handbook of humanistic psychology: Theory, research, and practice. Sage Publications. Wachanga, S. W., Kamonjo, F. W., Okere, M. (2015). Relationship between Secondary School Boys Girls Chemistry Self Concept and their Scientific Creativity in Selected Counties in Kenya.Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research,2(2), 1-10.

Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 Essay Example

Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 Essay Reading Worksheet 1: Read the extract Applied Linguistics: An emerging discipline for the twenty-first century in your reading packs and answers the following questions: 1. On the basis of the information provided by Grabe, complete the following chart. Which conclusions can you draw regarding the scope of Applied Linguistics? Decade |Focus of Applied Linguistics | | |Insights of structural and functional linguistics that could be applied to language teaching and | |1950s |literacy in first and second language. | |Language assessment, language policies and second language acquisition ( focused on learning rather | |1960s |than teaching) | | |Real world problems rather than theoretical explorations: Language assessment, second language | |1970s |acquisition, literacy, multilingualism, language minority rights language planning and policy and | | |teacher training. Language teaching remains important. | | |Incorporation of many subfields beyond language teaching and language learning such as: language | |1980s |assessment, language policy and planning, language use in professional settings, translation, | | |lexicography, multilingualism, language and technology and corpus linguistics. | |Incorporation of more subfields and drawing on supporting disciplines: Psychology, education, | |1990s |anthropology, sociology, political science, policy studies, administration studies, English studies ( | | |rhetoric, composition, literacy) | 2. What is the central issue in Applied Linguistics? Has it changed in the same way as its scope? In a very general point of view, applied linguistics is focused on language-related real-life problems; but it hasn’t always been this way, back in the 50s, applied linguistics focused mainly in second and first language teaching and then it began to emerge as a genuine problem-solving enterprise. Late in the 90’s, applied linguistics led into the theoretical and empirical investigation of real world problems in which language is a central issue. So, upon the course of years, applied linguistics has developed into a more practical use of this one. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Aplied Linguistics, L1 and L2 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Why is Generative Linguistics not dominant in Applied Linguistics? Which are the competing approaches for linguistic analysis that are growing recognition, instead? Why are they preferred to the generative approach? 4. Why is interdisciplinary a defining aspect of Applied Linguistics nowadays? Because applied linguistics uses methods and insights of several established disciplines or traditional fields; it has acknowledge about other fields a part from linguistics and it crosses a wide range of settings follow. 5. Why do some scholars claim that Applied Linguistics is not a discipline? What is the author’s point of view? Why? Because they do believe that applied linguistics is too broad and fragmented that it demands expert knowledge in too many fields and that doesn’t have a set of unifying research paradigms. The author believes that applied linguistics can be considered a discipline much in the way that many other disciplines are defined. He explains that as several other new relatively new disciplines in academic institutions, applied linguistics has its core and periphery which can blur into other disciplines that can or not be allied with it. Read the extract An Overview of Applied Linguistics in your reading pack and answer the following questions: 1. How many different areas within AL are listed in the chapter? Which is the dominant one? 2. What is Authorship identification? 3. What is the Grammar-translation method? What is the Direct method? Which are the main problems with those methods? How long did they last? 4. When and why did Audiolingualism emerge? Was it successful? Why? 5. What replaced Behaviourism? Why? 6. What is the main argument for linguistic nativism? 7. What is communicative competence? 8. Describe the main focus of communicative language teaching. In which particular aspects of language use is it useful? Which is the main problem with this approach? What replaced it? 9. In which way(s) has computing technology provided useful insights in language description? 10. Why isn’t Chomsky’s notion of competence a proper object of study for Sociolinguistics?

Definition and Examples of Aphesis

Definition and Examples of Aphesis Aphesis is the gradual loss of a short unstressed vowel at the beginning of a word. Adjective: aphetic. Aphesis is commonly regarded as a type of aphaeresis. Compare with apocope and syncope. The opposite of aphesis is prothesis. Generally speaking, aphesis is more common in everyday speech than in formal varieties of spoken and written English. Nonetheless, many aphetic word forms have entered the vocabulary of Standard English. In International English Usage (2005), Todd and Hancock observe that while clipping tends to be rapid and usually applies to the loss of more than one syllable,  aphesis is thought to be a gradual process.   See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AphaeresisClippingEllipsisMetaplasmSound Change EtymologyFrom the Greek, to let go Examples and Observations Cute is an aphetic form of acute; longshore is the truncated form of alongshore. This explains the American usage longshoreman for our [Australian] stevedore. Stevedore is itself an aphetic adaptation of the Spanish estivador, which derives from estivar: to stow a cargo.Likewise, sample is an aphetic form of example; backward is an aphetic form of abackward; and vanguard was once avauntguard, from which avant-garde also derives.Ninny is an aphetic and abbreviated form of an innocent. More recently, we have squire from esquire, specially for especially. In the language of the law, several ambiguous forms survive: vow and avow; void and avoid.(Julian Burnside, Word Watching. Thunders Mouth Press, 2004)The Aphetic  Way as an Intensifier- [As an adverb and intensifier] way is an aphetic form of away; it used to be printed way with an apostrophe, but is rarely so today. It means a great distance or all the way, as in We were way off the mark and We went way to the end of the trolley lin e. Some dictionaries consider this adverbial way colloquial, and indeed it often has a conversational or informal tone, but others consider it appropriate for use at all levels except the most formal or oratorical. It also frequently functions conversationally as an intensifier, as in She was way underprepared for the assignment and the student slang exclamations Way out! Way cool! and the like.(Kenneth G. Wilson,  The Columbia Guide to Standard American English. Columbia University Press, 1993)- I was tired- way tired. I had been on the road- on the run- I dont know- several weeks- a long time.(Andrew Klavan, The Long Way Home. Thomas Nelson, 2010)-  Im really  way too lazy  to try to locate all those ingredients.(Sarah Mlynowski,  Frogs and French Kisses. Delacorte, 2006)-  Ã‚  The widespread, if witless, use of way to mean much or far, very or especially reveals how people favor simplicity over precision, easiness over elegance, popularity over individuality. Its unac ceptable to use this sense of way in your writing, and its unbecoming in your speaking.(Robert Hartwell Fiske,  Robert Hartwell Fiskes Dictionary of Unendurable English. Scribner, 2011) An Aphetic Verbal DoppelgangerDavid Brinkley welcomed Vice President Al Gore on his Sunday morning ABC program with a cordial Thank you for coming. Mr. Goreas so many guests now doanswered with the aphetic thank you with a slight emphasis on the you.Youre welcome used to be the standard response to thank you, writes Daniel Kocan of Orlando, Fla. Now thank you is the stock response to thank you. Since when, and why? Can you explain this recent doppelganger phenomenon?First to doppelganger: this is from the German for the ghostly double of a living person, and is an apt description of the returned thank you. Next to the aphetic, or shortening of words or phrases by the elimination of the unstressed word or syllable: the I is lost in I thank you.(William Safire, On Language: Let Er Rip. The New York Times, November 28, 1993) Pronunciation: AFF-i-sis Also Known As: aphaeresis, apherisis

Macbeth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Macbeth - Essay Example "The tragic hero has tragic flaw, on hamartia that is the cause of his downfall† and â€Å"The tragic hero has a hubris surrounding him, a person or thing that sets the stage for his fall. It will include all of the conditions that will cause the tragic hero to fail.† (Is Utena a Tragic Hero?). Shakespeare created his tragic heroes after Aristotle’s concept of the tragic hero and each of his tragic heroes had their own tragic flaws: in Hamlet it was procrastination, in Othello it was over credulousness and in Macbeth it is his vaulting ambition which motivates him to commit a series of murders that ultimately leads to his downfall. Now the question is whether his tragedy was a result of fate by outside factors, namely fate in the form of the three witches or was it a result of his own actions. There is no doubt that the vaulting ambition was prevalent in his inner psyche; it is stirred by the prophesy of the three witches and it is this inner urge in him that make s Lady Macbeth to influence and manipulate him to murder Duncan, the king of Scotland which ultimately brought his downfall. Thus, it is evident that Macbeth is really a tragic hero who has heroic and noble qualities, which are relegated in to the backdrop because of his vaulting ambition and pursuit of power. From the very out set of the play, the attention of the audience is arrested with the emergence of the three witches. One feels sympathy, instead of hatred, for the plight of Macbeth, as it is sure from his nature that he wouldn’t have committed the series of murders including that of the king Duncan, had it not been for the prophesy of the witches and the constant temptation from his wife Lady Macbeth. The three greetings made by the three witches in Act 1, scene 111, confuses Macbeth and when he finds that the second prophesy, that of becoming the Thane of Cawdor, is also fulfilled, it is natural for him to dream of the fulfillment of the third prophesy- that of becoming the king of